Cambodia and Thailand have embarked on a conciliation process facilitated by the United Nations to address their prolonged maritime boundary dispute in the Gulf of Thailand. The foreign ministers from both nations delivered opening remarks at the inaugural meeting under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) framework. This initiative aims to resolve the disagreement that has persisted for over 25 years.
Cambodia is pursuing a formal agreement to establish a single maritime boundary with Thailand, but has also suggested a joint development plan to mutually benefit from the resources in the contested area. In contrast, Thailand has emphasized that the process should concentrate solely on maritime boundary delimitation. Despite previously advocating for direct negotiations as a solution, Thailand has affirmed its commitment to participating in the UNCLOS process with sincerity.
The disputed waters, covering approximately 26,000 square kilometers, are believed to be rich in natural gas and oil reserves, adding significant economic stakes to the dispute. Back in 2001, the two nations had reached an agreement to jointly develop the resources in the contested zone. However, Thailand terminated this arrangement in May, following heightened tensions due to deadly border clashes between the two countries.
Cambodia initiated the compulsory conciliation process under UNCLOS in June. The independent panel conducting the process will provide recommendations, although these findings will not be legally binding for either Cambodia or Thailand. As the conciliation proceeds, there is hope that a resolution can be found that satisfies both parties and promotes stability and economic cooperation in the region.